Section I/Induction and Probability.- Initial Probabilities: A Prerequisite for any Valid Induction.- Discussion of Bruno de Finetti's Paper 'Initial Probabilities: A Prerequisite for any Valid Induction'.- Discussion.- Linguistically Invariant Inductive Logic.- Comments on 'Linguistically Invariant Inductive Logic' by Ian Hacking.- Discussion.- Logical Probability, Mathematical Statistics, and the Problem of Induction.- Statistics, Induction, and Lawlikeness: Comments on Dr. Vetter's Paper.- Discussion.- Section II / Foundations of Physics.- New Approach to Interpretation Problems of General Relativity by Means of the Splitting-Up-Formalism of Space-Time.- Comments on Professor Schmutzer's Paper.- Simultaneity by Slow Clock Transport in the Special Theory of Relativity.- Discussion.- Foundations of Quantum Theory; Statistical Interpretation (Introductory talk).- Comments on H. J. Groenewold 'Foundations of Quantum Theory'.- Discussion.- Intertheory Relations.- Problems Concerning Intertheory Relations.- Discussion.- Section III / Science and Ethics: The Moral Responsibility of the Scientist.- The Moral Responsibility of the Scientist.- Science and Responsibility.- The Relation of Modern Scientific Conceptions to the Human Image.- Science and Ethics.- Scientists and Ethics - A Case History.- Modern Science and Social Responsibility.- Discussion.- Index of Names.

Proceedings and Discussion of the 1968 Salzburg Colloquium in the Philosophy of Science.