This anthology presents a comprehensive review of mathematics and its teaching in the following nations in South America, Central America, and the Caribbean: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, México, Panamá, Paraguay, Perú, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela. The last summary of mathematics education encompassing countries from the Southern Americas appeared in 1966. Progress in the field during five decades has remained unexamined until now.