Li An is a Professor in the Department of Geography and Center for Complex Human-Environment Systems at San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.

Conghe Song is a Professor in the Department of Geography at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Qi Zhang is a Research Scholar in the Department of Geography at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Eve Bohnett is a Postdoctoral Researcher in the Department of Geography at San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.

Chapter 1. Background about Green Initiatives Chapter 2. Payments for environmental services Chapter 3. Concurrent green initiatives in the USA Chapter 4. Concurrent green initiatives in China Chapter 5. Concurrent green initiatives in Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve, China Chapter 6. Concurrent green initiatives in Tianma National Nature Reserve, China Chapter 7. Concurrent green initiatives in Wolong Nature Reserve, China Chapter 8. Spillover effects in the whole world Chapter 9. Conclusions

The book examines concurrent green initiatives and their spillover effects on environmental conservation and management to reveal their impact on conservation effectiveness, drawing on a range of international case studies.
Green initiatives are programs, payments, or endeavors that restore, sustain, or improve nature's capacity, with examples including payments for ecosystem services and the development of nature reserves and protected areas. This book explicitly examines concurrent green initiatives, where initiatives overlap either geographically or in terms of recipients of multiple payments. The book provides a detailed analysis of case studies in the USA and China, including the USA-based Conservation Reserve Program and the Environmental Quality Incentives Program, and the China based Grain-to-Green Program and the Forest Ecological Benefit Compensation Fund. Through this comparison, the book shows the impact of concurrent green initiatives, including additional or unintended benefits for conservation and local communities as well as negative spillover effects. The book complements these case studies by drawing on other global examples ranging in size from local to continental, including planting native trees and shrubs in Australia and green initiatives in the Baltic Sea region. Overall, this book demonstrates the importance of analyzing concurrent green efforts to better understand both the positive and negative impacts to ensure the optimal effectiveness of these policies and programs for conservation and environmental management.
This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of environmental conservation and management, land use, ecosystem services and environmental policy, as well as policymakers and practitioners working on environmental initiatives and programs.