Designing Web-Based Applications for 21st Century Writing Classrooms brings together, for the first time, a group of scholars and teachers who have been developing, on their own initiative, web-based solutions to technical and professional writing instructional problems. In industry the perennial question is whether to buy or build, but in academia, for various reasons, buy is rarely an option. Individual faculty members do not have the money to pay for software solutions, and often their interests are too local or small-scale to warrant institutional-level involvement. In addition, the design of commercial applications from vendors typically does not take into account the unique needs and considerations of teachers of writing and often reflects a design ideology quite different from theirs. This is why so many writing teachers have turned to open source solutions and, in the process of learning how to tweak them to make them more responsive to their specific needs, why so many of these teachers have developed programming and design skills. Beyond exigency, the motivation for becoming proficient at interface and database design comes from the observation that the nature of writing is changing dramatically. Text is no longer an object. It has become a place of interaction; consumers are becoming producers. And the work of technical and professional communication, indeed the work of writing teachers more generally, is becoming increasingly involved in the design and implementation of places of interaction. Words have become data; texts are becoming communities.

Introduction
George Pullman and Baotong Gu

PART 1 Writing Environments

CHAPTER 1 Theorizing and Building Online Writing Environments: User-Centered Design Beyond the Interface
Michael McLeod, William Hart-Davidson, and Jeffrey Grabill

CHAPTER 2 : An Electronic Writing Space
Ron Balthazor, Christy Desmet, Alexis Hart, Sara Steger, and Robin Wharton

CHAPTER 3 Redevelop, Redesign, and Refine: Expanding the Functionality and Scope of TTOPIC into Raider Writer
Robert Hudson and Susan M. Lang

CHAPTER 4 The Role of Metaphor in the Development of an Instructional Writing Environment
Mike Palmquist

CHAPTER 5 Creating Complex Web-Based Applications with Agile Techniques: Iterations as Drafts
Matt Penniman and Michael Wojcik

PART 2 Individual, Standalone Applications

CHAPTER 6 Visualizing Knowledge Work with Google Wave
Brian J. McNely and Paul Gestwicki

CHAPTER 7 Students Playing as Scholars and Selves: Academic Synthesis as Conversation Game
David Fisher and Joe Williams

CHAPTER 8 Designing, Implementing, and Evaluating a Web-Based Instructional Application for Technical Communication Classes
David Chapman

CHAPTER 9 Supplementing a Professional Writing Course with an Interactive Self-Learning Document Design Tutorial
Suguru Ishizaki, Stacie Rohrbach, and Laura Scott

CHAPTER 10 Developing a Web-Served Handbook for Writers
Stephen A. Bernhardt

PART 3 Open-Source Modifications

CHAPTER 11 Peersourcing the PIT Journal: The Technosocial Pedagogical Hooks and Layers of Collaborative Publishing
The PIT Core Publishing Collective

CHAPTER 12 Blogs as an Alternative to Course Management Systems: Public, Interactive Teaching with a Round Peg in a Square Hole
Steven D. Krause

CHAPTER 13 Developing a Course Wiki for Accessibility and Sustainability
Karl Stolley

CHAPTER 14 An Interface for Interaction Design: Using Course Wikis to Build Knowledge Communities
Steven T. Benninghoff

Contributors

Index