Historical Overview.- Planetary Nebulae Beyond the Milky Way - Historical Overview.- Planetary Nebulae Beyond the Milky Way - Historical Overview.- Planetary Nebula Surveys.- Surveys for Planetary Nebulae in the Magellanic Clouds.- Surveys for Planetary Nebulae in the Magellanic Clouds.- H-alpha Stacked Images Reveal Large Numbers of PNe in the LMC.- H-alpha Stacked Images Reveal Large Numbers of PNe in the LMC.- The Census of Planetary Nebulae in the Local Group.- The Census of Planetary Nebulae in the Local Group.- Planetary Nebulae in the Outer Disk and Halo of M31.- Planetary Nebulae in the Outer Disk and Halo of M31.- Deep PN Surveys Beyond the Local Group.- Deep PN Surveys Beyond the Local Group.- Planetary Nebulae in NGC 5128 (Centaurus A).- Planetary Nebulae in NGC 5128 (Centaurus A).- Extragalactic Planetary Nebula: Methods of Discovery Using Infrared Photometry.- Extragalactic Planetary Nebula: Methods of Discovery Using Infrared Photometry.- Proposed Nomenclature for Extragalactic Planetary Nebulae.- Proposed Nomenclature for Extragalactic Planetary Nebulae.- The Planetary Nebula Luminosity Function.- The Planetary Nebula Luminosity Function.- The Planetary Nebula Luminosity Function.- The PNLF Distance to the Sculptor Group Galaxy NGC 55.- The PNLF Distance to the Sculptor Group Galaxy NGC 55.- PN Stellar Progenitors.- Mass Loss At the Tip of the AGB: Essentials for Population Synthesis.- Mass Loss At the Tip of the AGB: Essentials for Population Synthesis.- AGB Stars in the Local Group, and Beyond.- AGB Stars in the Local Group, and Beyond.- Abundance Gradients in Local Group Galaxies Using Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars.- Abundance Gradients in Local Group Galaxies Using Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars.- Red Giant Stars in NGC 5128.- Red Giant Stars in NGC 5128.- Molecules in the AGB Stars of Nearby Galaxies.- Molecules in the AGB Stars of Nearby Galaxies.- Clues on Post-Asymptotic Giant Branch Evolution and Planetary Nebulae Populations from the Magellanic Clouds.- Clues on Post-Asymptotic Giant Branch Evolution and Planetary Nebulae Populations from the Magellanic Clouds.- Central Stars of Planetary Nebulae in the Magellanic Clouds.- Central Stars of Planetary Nebulae in the Magellanic Clouds.- Stellar Winds of Central Stars of the LMC PNe.- Stellar Winds of Central Stars of the LMC PNe.- Parameters of PNe: Constant Density versus Density Distribution.- Parameters of PNe: Constant Density versus Density Distribution.- Physical Conditions of PNe.- Plasma Diagnostics and Elemental Abundance Determinations for PNe - Current Status.- Plasma Diagnostics and Elemental Abundance Determinations for PNe - Current Status.- Probing Nebular Physical Conditions Using the Hydrogen Recombination Spectrum.- Probing Nebular Physical Conditions Using the Hydrogen Recombination Spectrum.- A Reexamination of Electron Density Diagnostics for Ionized Gaseous Nebulae.- A Reexamination of Electron Density Diagnostics for Ionized Gaseous Nebulae.- Probing the Nebular Thermal Structure Using the He i Recombination Spectrum and Evidence Against Temperature Fluctuations and Density Inhomogeneities.- Probing the Nebular Thermal Structure Using the He i Recombination Spectrum and Evidence Against Temperature Fluctuations and Density Inhomogeneities.- Chemically Inhomogeneous Photoionization Modelling of the Planetary Nebula SMC N87.- Chemically Inhomogeneous Photoionization Modelling of the Planetary Nebula SMC N87.- An Optical Recombination Line Abundance Survey for Galactic Bulge Planetary Nebulae.- An Optical Recombination Line Abundance Survey for Galactic Bulge Planetary Nebulae.- MOCASSIN: 3D Photoionisation and Dust Radiative Transfer Modelling of PNe.- MOCASSIN: 3D Photoionisation and Dust Radiative Transfer Modelling of PNe.- C III] Imagery of Planetary Nebulae and Extragalactic H II Regions.- C III] Imagery of Planetary Nebulae and Extragalactic H II Regions.- CRIRES and VISIR, ESO's Latest Tools for Infrared Studies of PNe beyond the Milky Way.- CRIRES and VISIR, ESO's Latest Tools for Infrared Studies of PNe beyond the Milky Way.- PNe as Chemical Probes of Galaxies.- Chemical Composition of Planetary Nebulae: The Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds.- Chemical Composition of Planetary Nebulae: The Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds.- Planetary Nebulae in the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy.- Planetary Nebulae in the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy.- What PNe Could Tell About Extinction Inside External Galaxies.- What PNe Could Tell About Extinction Inside External Galaxies.- Planetary Nebulae as Probes of the Chemical Evolution of Dynamically Hot Systems.- Planetary Nebulae as Probes of the Chemical Evolution of Dynamically Hot Systems.- A Study of Chemical Abundances of Planetary Nebulae in M33.- A Study of Chemical Abundances of Planetary Nebulae in M33.- The Inner Abundance Gradient of M33 from Bright Planetary Nebulae.- The Inner Abundance Gradient of M33 from Bright Planetary Nebulae.- Crowded Field 3D Spectrophotometry of Extragalactic Planetary Nebulae.- Crowded Field 3D Spectrophotometry of Extragalactic Planetary Nebulae.- Extragalactic PNe Observed with 3D Spectroscopy.- Extragalactic PNe Observed with 3D Spectroscopy.- Spectroscopy of Planetary Nebulae in Sextans A and Sextans B.- Spectroscopy of Planetary Nebulae in Sextans A and Sextans B.- Local Group Census: The Dwarf Irregular Galaxy NGC6822.- Local Group Census: The Dwarf Irregular Galaxy NGC6822.- Spectroscopy of PNe in Sextans A, Sextans B, NGC 3109 and Fornax.- Spectroscopy of PNe in Sextans A, Sextans B, NGC 3109 and Fornax.- Planetary Nebula Abundances in NGC 5128 with VLT FORS.- Planetary Nebula Abundances in NGC 5128 with VLT FORS.- PNe as Kinematic Probes of Galaxies.- Galaxy Dynamics and the PNe Population.- Galaxy Dynamics and the PNe Population.- Mapping the Stellar Dynamics of M31.- Mapping the Stellar Dynamics of M31.- A Keck/Deimos Survey of Red Giant Branch Stars in the Outskirts of M31.- A Keck/Deimos Survey of Red Giant Branch Stars in the Outskirts of M31.- Planetary Nebulae in NGC 5128 with VLT FLAMES.- Planetary Nebulae in NGC 5128 with VLT FLAMES.- Probing Halos with PNe: Mass and Angular Momentum in Early-Type Galaxies.- Probing Halos with PNe: Mass and Angular Momentum in Early-Type Galaxies.- Modelling Kinematics and Dark Matter: The Halos of Elliptical Galaxies.- Modelling Kinematics and Dark Matter: The Halos of Elliptical Galaxies.- Dynamics of Rotating Elliptical Galaxies.- Dynamics of Rotating Elliptical Galaxies.- Dynamics of the NGC 4636 Globular Cluster System.- Dynamics of the NGC 4636 Globular Cluster System.- Dynamics of the Elliptical Galaxy NGC 4697 from Integrated Light and PNe.- Dynamics of the Elliptical Galaxy NGC 4697 from Integrated Light and PNe.- Planetary Nebulae as Dynamical Tracers: Mass-to-Light-Ratio Gradients in Early-Type Galaxies.- Planetary Nebulae as Dynamical Tracers: Mass-to-Light-Ratio Gradients in Early-Type Galaxies.- PNe in the Intracluster Environment.- Intracluster Planetary Nebulae as Probes of Intracluster Starlight.- Intracluster Planetary Nebulae as Probes of Intracluster Starlight.- Planetary Nebulae as Tracers of Galaxy Clusters.- Planetary Nebulae as Tracers of Galaxy Clusters.- Planetary Nebulae as Tracers of the Intergalactic Stellar Background: A Population Synthesis Theoretical Approach.- Planetary Nebulae as Tracers of the Intergalactic Stellar Background: A Population Synthesis Theoretical Approach.- The Survival of Planetary Nebulae in the Intracluster Medium.- The Survival of Planetary Nebulae in the Intracluster Medium.- Prospects.- Extragalactic Planetary Nebulae: Observational Challenges and Future Prospects.- Extragalactic Planetary Nebulae: Observational Challenges and Future Prospects.

Recently, improved observational capabilities have allowed the study of fainter and fainter extra-galactic planetary nebulae in galaxies well beyond the Milky Way. This book result from a workshop held at ESO headquarters in Garching in 2004, the first devoted to Extra-galactic Planetary Nebulae. A wide range of topics is covered, from stellar and nebular astrophysics to galactic dynamics and galaxy clusters, making this a reference of broad astrophysical interest.